Walk into any building materials shop or browse online, and you’ll encounter a constellation of logos, certifications, and environmental claims. ‘Low VOC.’ ‘Eco-friendly.’ ‘Natural.’ ‘Sustainable.’ Some of these terms are rigorously verified; others are little more than marketing language. Knowing the difference can save you from both greenwashing and genuine confusion.
The good news is that you don’t need to become an expert in building science. A handful of key certifications cover most of what matters for healthy home materials. Once you recognise them, navigating product claims becomes considerably easier.
Why Third-Party Certification Matters
Anyone can claim their product is ‘natural’ or ‘eco-friendly’ — these terms have no legal definition. Third-party certification changes that. An independent organisation tests the product, verifies the claims, and stakes its reputation on the result. If a product carries a recognised certification logo, it means someone outside the company has checked the work.
This doesn’t mean uncertified products are necessarily problematic. Many excellent materials, particularly from smaller artisan producers, lack certification simply because the testing process is expensive. But when comparing options or navigating unfamiliar brands, certifications provide a useful shortcut to trust.
Certifications for Indoor Air Quality
If your primary concern is what a material releases into your home’s air, these are the certifications to look for.
GREENGUARD and GREENGUARD Gold
What it proves: The product has been tested and verified for low chemical emissions (VOCs) into indoor air. GREENGUARD Gold meets even stricter standards, suitable for sensitive environments like schools and healthcare facilities.
Look for it on: Paints, finishes, flooring, adhesives, furniture, and building materials.
Why it matters: This is one of the most widely recognised emissions certifications globally. When you see this logo, you can be confident the product won’t be a significant source of indoor air pollution.
EN 16516
What it proves: The product has been tested according to the European standard for emissions into indoor air. This harmonised standard is increasingly referenced in building regulations across Europe.
Look for it on: Paints, coatings, adhesives, sealants, and flooring — particularly European-manufactured products.
Why it matters: This is the European benchmark for emissions testing. Products meeting this standard have undergone rigorous chamber testing to measure what they release over time.
Certifications for Transparency and Material Health
Some certifications go beyond emissions to examine what’s actually in a product — full ingredient disclosure and screening for chemicals of concern.
Declare Label
What it proves: Complete ingredient transparency. The label lists what’s in the product and confirms it contains no ‘Red List’ chemicals — a list of substances known to be harmful to human health or the environment.
Look for it on: Wood products, binders, finishes, adhesives, insulation, and building materials.
Why it matters: This is essentially a nutrition label for building materials. If you want to know exactly what you’re bringing into your home, the Declare Label provides that transparency.
Cradle to Cradle (C2C)
What it proves: The product has been assessed for material health (safe ingredients), recyclability, renewable energy use in production, water stewardship, and social fairness. Products are rated Bronze through Platinum across these categories.
Look for it on: Insulation, flooring (particularly linoleum and cork), textiles, and a growing range of building materials.
Why it matters: This is one of the most comprehensive certifications available, examining both health and environmental impact throughout a product’s entire lifecycle.
Natureplus
What it proves: The product meets European eco-label standards for sustainable building materials, covering environmental impact, health, and fitness for purpose.
Look for it on: Insulation, wall materials, flooring, and general building products — particularly from German and Central European manufacturers.
Why it matters: A respected European certification that’s particularly strong for natural building materials like wood fibre insulation and clay products.
Certifications for Sustainable Sourcing
If you care about where materials come from and how they’re produced, these certifications address the supply chain.
FSC (Forest Stewardship Council)
What it proves: The wood comes from responsibly managed forests that provide environmental, social, and economic benefits. FSC maintains chain-of-custody verification from forest to final product.
Look for it on: Solid wood, engineered wood products, wood-based panels, and paper products.
PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification)
What it proves: Similar to FSC — the wood comes from sustainably managed forests. PEFC is the world’s largest forest certification system and is particularly prevalent in Europe.
Look for it on: Wood products, particularly from European sources.
EPD (Environmental Product Declaration)
What it proves: A comprehensive environmental footprint of the product across its entire lifecycle — from raw material extraction through manufacturing, use, and disposal. This includes embodied carbon, a key measure of climate impact.
Look for it on: Any building material, but particularly useful when comparing the environmental impact of different options.
Why it matters: EPDs don’t set a ‘pass/fail’ standard — they provide data. This makes them invaluable for those who want to understand and compare the full environmental story of different materials.
When Products Have No Certification
Not every good product carries a certification. Testing and certification can be expensive, particularly for smaller producers or artisan manufacturers. Traditional materials that have been used safely for centuries — lime, clay, untreated solid wood — may not need third-party verification to prove their credentials.
When evaluating uncertified products, consider asking the manufacturer directly about ingredients and emissions testing, looking for detailed technical data sheets rather than just marketing materials, checking whether the product uses established, well-understood natural materials, and researching the manufacturer’s reputation and history.
Certification provides reassurance and saves research time. But its absence doesn’t automatically disqualify a product — it simply means you may need to do a bit more investigation yourself.
Building Your Confidence
You don’t need to memorise every certification or become an expert in building standards. Start by recognising a few key logos: GREENGUARD for emissions, Declare for transparency, FSC for wood sourcing. When you see these, you can feel confident that someone independent has verified the claims being made.
Over time, this knowledge becomes second nature. You’ll find yourself scanning product pages for certification logos before reading the marketing copy — and making choices based on verified information rather than promises.
